ты беременна? ну что ж, поздравляем!
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и в конце этого пути тебя уже ждет маленькое чудо

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277 \| 2014-10-06 unjushNon	です。多くの場合、いくつかの髪を流し、ほぼ毎日非常に正常で
276 \| 2014-09-24 unjushNon	べてのITに散らばっ紙、モニターの後ろに隠れて2週間前からお
275 \| 2014-09-24 unjushNon	ットの店舗以上、彼が求めているの追い出しが本物であるかであるます。これらは、医療用語のマイナーなニュアンスに精通されて80％が定住または非アクティブであり、多くの人々が存在するとveryonesの心の上にあり、そのお金を保存している。い便性の多くはここにある。あなたの家のすべてが、あなたの新しれらの酵素は、食品中に見られる変性した調理または損傷したタンカールームの大きさを計算し、幅が広すぎると分散スペースを作成したがって、そのバランスを回復しようとしなければなりません。を得るために十分な人々の関心を持っている必要がしてしまうha要な、好ましくはサリチル酸が含まれている1軽量oilfree いであろうときに予防保守を行うことができる。彼らは生産のたビル·ベラミー、ダナデラニー、アラン·シック、スコット·バクことを前提とすべきである。記憶に残る瞬間を保つlink.A談の後に資格を持ったカウンセラーは、最良の選択肢は、あなたの
274 \| 2014-09-19 DUVETICA Ace Quattro Shiny Ny	The Delta 2 rocket ignites to launch GPS 2R-11. Credit: Carleton Bailie/BoeingAs the 50th Global Positioning System satellite rose to space Saturday, it celebrated the man who championed the concept of orbiting spacecraft serving as "lighthouses in the sky" to guide mankind with precision navigation information.The late Dr. Ivan A. Getting, credited as the visionary behind GPS and the founding president of The Aerospace Corporation, passed away last October at the age of 91."Dr. Getting was one of the founding fathers of GPS over 30 years ago. He envisioned GPS and worked tirelessly to make it a reality," said Jerry Heydinger, Air Force program manager for the GPS space and control segment.GPS satellites send continuous navigation signals that allow users around the world to pinpoint their position and determine time. The signals are so accurate that time can be figured to less than a millionth of a second, velocity to within a fraction of a mile per hour and location to within a few feet. In a lasting tribute that will circle 11,000 miles above the planet, a famous quote by Getting, "Lighthouses in the Sky, Serving All Mankind," was inscribed on the GPS 2R-11 spacecraft.The quote, along with Getting's name and the years of his birth and death were carved into a one-tenth-of-a-pound "trim weight" used on the satellite. The plate commemorating Getting is mounted on the side of the GPS satellite. Credit: Air ForceOnce the commemoration idea originated within Aerospace Corporation and the Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, it quickly gained momentum."It was obviously a good choice. Dr. Getting was truly a pioneer in the space and GPS worlds," Heydinger said."He not only laid the groundwork for GPS, but left his imprint on many other highly successful defense and technology programs integral to our national security and well being," added Dr. William F. Ballhaus Jr., president and Chief Executive Officer of The Aerospace Corporation.The GPS 2R-11 satellite was successfully launched at 12:53 p.m. EST (1753 GMT) Saturday from Cape Canaveral, Florida.Riding atop a three-stage Boeing Delta 2 rocket, the craft was delivered into a temporary elliptical orbit stretching from 100 miles above Earth at the closest spot to nearly 11,000 miles at apogee. The Delta 2 rocket blasts away from pad 17B on Saturday. Credit: Carleton Bailie/BoeingIn the coming days, the craft will use its kick motor to circularize the orbit at 11,000 miles and join the GPS constellation where it will replace the ailing GPS 2A-19 satellite."(This) launch is important for ensuring that the GPS system remains robust in its mission of providing precise positioning and time information to military and civilian users around the globe," said Lt. Col. Michael Mason, Air Force Space Command's lead for operations and sustainment of the navigation satellite system.The fresh satellite is replacing GPS 2A-19 because the 11-year-old spacecraft has a suspect Navigation Data Unit. "Failure (of GPS 2A-19) is not imminent," Mason said, noting that the satellite will continue to be used as a spare. "But this (launch) in an important step to make sure we maintain the robustness of the constellation." Built by Lockheed Martin, the $45 million GPS 2R-11 satellite will fill the Plane C, Slot 3 position in the GPS network."The 50th GPS mission is a major program milestone and we look forward to achieving a successful on-orbit checkout to quickly place the satellite's advanced navigational capabilities into operational service," said Dave Podlesney, Lockheed Martin's GPS 2R program director."It's our fervent hope and prayer that this GPS spacecraft will serve to guide soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines to their destinations and successful completion of their mission, and to their safe return home for years to come," said Lt. Col. Brad Broemmel, the Air Force launch director. An artist's concept of a GPS Block 2R satellite orbiting Earth. Credit: Lockheed Martin"GPS capabilities have become a key enabler to the way we perform joint coalition warfighting," Mason said. "Today, it is impossible to envision putting young men and women into harm's way without the advantages that GPS brings to the battlefield."That being said, GPS capabilities have also become a critical enabler for an untold number of civil applications, and the Air Force fully understands its responsibilities and takes its role as the steward of GPS for civil use very seriously."Twenty-six years ago, the first GPS satellite was launched aboard an Atlas booster from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Eleven of the so-called Block 1 GPS satellites were launched through 1985, although one liftoff failed, as the U.S. military tested the space-based navigation concept.Today's operational GPS system began launching in February 1989 on Delta 2 rockets from the Cape. Nine Block 2, 19 Block 2A and 11 Block 2R spacecraft have launched with one failure.The next GPS is scheduled to go up July 20, followed by another in September.Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:DELTA 2 ROCKET BLASTS OFF WITH GPS 2R-11 VIDEO:LONGER LENGTH LAUNCH MOVIE VIDEO:SPACECRAFT SEPARATION ANNOUNCED VIDEO:FIRST COUNTDOWN HALTED BY ALARM Apollo 11 special patchSpecial collectors' patch marking the 35th anniversary of the historic Apollo 11 moon landing is now available.Choose your store: - Apollo 12 tribute DVD setNew!Featuring the jovial crew of Pete Conrad, Dick Gordon and Alan Bean, the Apollo 12 mission was struck by lightning shortly after liftoff but proceeded on the second successful exploration voyage to the lunar surface. This three-disc DVD brings the mission to life with extraordinary detail.Choose your store: - - - Fallen Heroes special patchThis special 12-inch embroidered patch commemorates the U.S. astronauts who made the ultimate sacrifice, honoring the crews of Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia.Choose your store: - - - Women in SpaceWomen of Space: Cool Careers on the Final Frontier is for girls, young women, and anyone else interested in learning about exciting careers in space exploration. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - Mars rover posterThis new poster features some of the best pictures from NASA's amazing Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity.Choose your store:Gemini 7Gemini 7: The NASA Mission Reports covers this 14-day mission by Borman and Lovell as they demonstrated some of the more essential facts of space flight. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - Apollo patchesThe Apollo Patch Collection: Includes all 12 Apollo mission patches plus the Apollo Program Patch. Save over 20% off the Individual price.Choose your store: - - - Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is available from our online.Choose your store: - - - Apollo 9 DVDOn the road to the moon, the mission of Apollo 9 stands as an important gateway in experience and procedures. This 2-DVD collection presents the crucial mission on the voyage to the moon. Choose your store: - - - STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Mars rover collectible patchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This commemorative patch celebrates NASA's Curiosity rover mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in search of clues whether the Red Planet was once hospitable to life. \| \| \| \| 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Next Delta 4 rocket to boost military communications SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: October 11, 2011 The United Launch Alliance Delta 4 rocket that will deploy a vital communications satellite for U.S. military forces overseas was placed atop its Cape Canaveral pad this week. Delta 4 rocket heads for launch pad. Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowLiftoff is targeted for January 19 to deliver the Air Force's fourth Wideband Global SATCOM spacecraft into orbit and continue ongoing efforts to upgrade the military's main communications infrastructure.Each WGS has 10 times the capacity of the aging Defense Satellite Communications System spacecraft they are replacing.The satellites supply communications such as maps and data to soldiers on the battlefield, relay video from unmanned aerial reconnaissance drones, route voice calls and data messaging, and even offer quality-of-life considerations like television broadcasts and email delivery to the troops. was launched in October 2007 to cover the vast U.S. Pacific Command that stretches from the U.S. western coast all the way to Southeast Asia. satellite followed with an April 2009 launch to serve U.S. Central Command and the warfighters in Afghanistan, Iraq and other parts of Southwest Asia. went up in December 2009 to cover U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command, plus lend additional support over the Middle East. Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowNow comes WGS 4 early next year with its built-in enhancements to support the higher data rates needed by airborne intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions.The Air Force plans to put WGS 4 into operation over the Middle East and Southeast Asia for U.S. Central Command and U.S. Pacific Command.Getting the 6.5-ton craft into orbit is the mission for the powerful Delta 4 rocket, which began its pre-flight campaign at the launch pad this week.The bright orange and white rocket, stretching 170 feet long, emerged from the Horizontal Integration Facility at 4:30 p.m. EDT Monday. Riding a 36-wheel, diesel-powered transporter, the Delta took an hour-long trip down the road and up the pad's ramp to Cape Canaveral's Complex 37.Initial assembly of the rocket, including mating of the cryogenic upper stage with the Common Booster Core first stage using a precision laser alignment system, had been completed inside the Horizontal Integration Facility over the past couple of months.After the vehicle arrived at the base of the pad, technicians went to work Monday evening getting equipment ready to raise the rocket vertically. The pallets cradling the Delta were tied down to the Fixed Pad Erector and the transporter used to drive the rocket to the pad disengaged to pull away.The erector system and its hydraulic pistons then lifted the rocket upright at 10 a.m. EDT Tuesday, setting the vehicle atop the pad's launch table within 20 minutes.Workers later unhooked the booster from the cradles, allowing the erector platform along with the pallets to lower back to the ground at 5 p.m.Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowOver the next three months at Complex 37, a full pre-launch test program and the final rocket assembly steps will be carried out, including installation of the four strap-on solid-fuel motors to the first stage and attachment of the payload.WGS 4 is scheduled for shipment from the Boeing satellite manufacturing factory in Los Angeles to Cape Canaveral on November 14 to undergo checkouts and fueling before joining its rocket at the pad.When fully stacked and its nose cone in place, this Delta 4 Medium+(5,4) rocket will tower 217 feet tall. It will be 358th launch of a Delta rocket since 1960 and the 18th for the Delta 4 program since 2002.STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. \| \| \| \| 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Next GPS satellite moves to Cape Canaveral launch pad SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: June 27, 2011 A Global Positioning System satellite has been loaded aboard its ride to space, arriving Monday at Cape Canaveral's Complex 37 for mounting atop the United Launch Alliance Delta 4 rocket.File image shows satellite payload pulling up to Delta's pad. Credit: NASALiftoff of the GPS 2F-2 spacecraft is scheduled for July 14 during a 19-minute window extending from 2:49 to 3:08 a.m. EDT (0649-0708 GMT).The launch is timed to deliver the satellite into the GPS constellation to replace a 20-year craft that has long exceeded its expected lifespan.GPS satellites fly about 11,000 miles above the planet and emit continuous navigation signals that allow users to find their precise position in latitude, longitude and altitude and determine time. Originally built for the U.S. military, the GPS service has spread across the world as an indispensable commercial utility.The Air Force is in the midst of further upgrading the GPS network by deploying a new breed of satellite that features improved accuracy, enhanced internal atomic clocks, better anti-jam resistance, a civil signal for commercial aviation, a longer design life and reprogrammable onboard processors to evolve with future needs.The GPS 2F-2 satellite is pictured here at the El Segundo satellite integration and test complex earlier this year. Credit: The Boeing CompanyA dozen of these new satellites in the Block 2F series are being built by The Boeing Company. The first was successfully launched from the Cape on May 27, 2010.GPS 2F-2 was shipped April 19 from Boeing's manufacturing facility in El Segundo, Calif., to the Florida spaceport in a C-17 Globemaster III airlifter. After arriving at the Skid Strip, it was taken to Area 59 were GPS spacecraft undergo their pre-flight preps.Launch base testing, the filling of maneuvering propellants and encapsulation within the two-piece rocket nose cone were among the activities accomplished at the satellite's cleanroom hangar.A motorized trailer then carried the 3,400-pound satellite up the road to Complex 37 early Monday. It was positioned on the oceanside of the mobile service gantry and hoisted into the pad tower for bolting to the rocket's second stage.A file image shows satellite payload ready for lifting into the Delta 4 rocket's launch pad. Credit: NASAToday's GPS constellation is comprised of 31 operational satellites, including 11 Block 2A's made by Boeing, 12 Block 2R's and seven 2R-Modernized spacecraft built by Lockheed Martin, and Boeing's first Block 2F.Ground controllers expect to have the GPS 2F-2 satellite checked out and ready for use about 30 days after launch, the Air Force says.The new spacecraft will occupy the Plane D, Slot 2A location of the navigation network, which is divided into six orbital groupings with multiple satellites flying in each.The craft takes over the position held by the GPS 2A-11 satellite, which was launched by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral on July 3, 1991.Remarkably, that aging bird continues to function despite the loss of some redundant systems and far outlasting its design life. It will be relocated within the same orbital plane as a reinforcement while living out its remaining usefulness.The Air Force recently completed an 18-month shuffling of six GPS satellites in the constellation to achieve "the most optimal geometry in its 42-year history," according to the service. The effort will boost signal reception to users in difficult terrains and the system's overall accuracy worldwide.John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. \| \| \| \| 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.NOAA-N Prime spacecraft and its instrumentsNASA/NOAA FACT SHEETSpacecraftLockheed Martin Space Systems Company of Sunnyvale, Calif., built the spacecraft. The instruments onboard NOAA-N Prime include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3 (AVHRR/3); High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4); Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A); Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS); Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer/2 (SBUV-2); Space Environment Monitor/2 (SEM/2); and an Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS). In addition, it carries two search and rescue instruments: the Search and Rescue Repeater and the Search and Rescue Processor and three Digital Data Recorders. Instrument Payload and CapabilitiesFor over 30 years, NOAA has freely and openly provided satellite data through direct broadcast to users in the United States and to all countries throughout the world. In the United States, any commercial firm receiving data through direct readout may provide tailored products to customers and/or viewers. In addition, polar operational environmental satellite data products are made available to users in the United States and throughout the world through NOAA's Satellite Active Archive. The NOAA polar operational environmental satellites collect global data on cloud cover; surface conditions such as ice, snow, and vegetation; atmospheric temperatures; and moisture, aerosol, and ozone distributions; and collect and relay information from fixed and moving data platforms. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3 is the primary imaging system and consists of visible, near infrared (IR) and thermal IR channels. The primary sounding suite flying on NOAA-N Primeis the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS), the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4) and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A, which measure atmospheric temperature and humidity. The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer/2 instrument is both an imager and a sounder. As an imager, it produces total column ozone maps. As a sounder, it obtains and measures the ozone distribution in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3, built by International Telephone and Telegraph-A/CD (Fort Wayne, Ind.), is composed of six detectors: three view reflected energy in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and three view energy in the near-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (which is the type of instrument called an "imager") observes vegetation, clouds, and the surface of bodies of water, shorelines, snow, aerosols and ice. It can detect the heat in the environment, the temperature of snowcaps and the sea surface, vegetation growth around the world and forest fires. From this data, scientists on the ground can determine whether snowcaps are growing or diminishing in size, the effects of changes in ocean temperature and other changes in the environment. The instrument has a scan mirror that continuously rotates and scans the Earth at six revolutions per second to provide continuous coverage. Scientists, commercial fisherman, teachers and many others use the data generated by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer worldwide. High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4), built by International Telephone and Telegraph-A/ CD (Fort Wayne, Ind.), is an atmospheric sounding instrument. It observes "columns" in the atmosphere and obtains data from each of 20 segments (or bands) in that column. Each of these 20 bands can be associated with energy from a specific region and height in the atmosphere. By combining the data from the different bands, the instrument can generate complete temperature and moisture profiles. It can also measure how much of the Sun's energy remains as it travels through the atmosphere. The instrument has 19 infrared channels and one visible channel. Each channel takes measurements at a particular frequency that is associated with a particular element (or gas) in the atmosphere. These gases are principally carbon dioxide, water and ozone. These measurements allow scientists to determine the amount of each of these gases in the atmosphere and the altitude at which they appear. Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A, built by Northrop Gruman (Azusa, Calif.,) formerly Aerojet, provides data that is used along with data obtained from the High Resolution Picture Transmission to produce a new suite of microwave-based surface and hydrological products, including global atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from the Earth's surface to the upper stratosphere, about 48 kilometers or 29.8 miles. Among these products are total precipitable water (water vapor), cloud liquid water, rain rate, snow cover and sea ice concentration. It has 15 channels and continuously scans the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, measuring naturally emitted microwave signals radiated by the Earth's surface and atmosphere. The microwave signals measured by the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A range from 23 gigahertz to 89 gigahertz. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A is divided into two physically separate modules, each of which operates and interfaces with the spacecraft independently. Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) built by EADS Astrium and donated by the European Oganisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) (Darmstadt, Germany) is a new instrument for the NOAA series of satellites. It is a five-channel microwave instrument intended primarily to measure profiles of atmospheric humidity. It is also sensitive to liquid water in clouds and so measures cloud liquid water content. Additionally, it provides qualitative estimates of the precipitation rate. The MHS measures the amount of moisture (water) in the atmosphere. Because of the high variability of atmospheric water, the MHS has a higher resolution than the AMSU-A, with an approximate 16-km (10-mi) diameter circular field of view at nadir. Ninety such fields of view are measured in each cross-track scan. The instrument has approximately the same swath width as AMSU-A but scans across-track in one-third the time so as to keep the two instruments synchronized. By this means, arrays of 3 x 3 MHS samples will overlay each AMSU-A sample, facilitating synergistic use of these instruments. Space Environment Monitor (SEM-2) originally built by Panametrics (Waltham, Mass.), now Assurance Technology Corporation (Carlisle, Mass).The SEM-2 provides measurements to determine the intensity of the Earth's radiation belts and the flux of charged particles at satellite altitude. It provides knowledge of solar terrestrial phenomena as well as warnings of solar wind occurrences that may impair long-range communications and high- altitude operations, damage satellite circuits and solar panels, or cause changes in drag and magnetic torque on satellites. The SEM-2 consists of two separate sensor units and a common Data Processing Unit (DPU). The sensor units are the Total Energy Detector (TED) and the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED). Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer/2, built by Ball Aerospace (Boulder, Co.) is flown on the NOAA afternoon satellites. It is a long-term monitoring device that takes global measurements and observes how elements in the atmosphere change over time. The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer uses its 12 channels to measure the amount of radiation (or energy) that comes directly from the Sun (using a diffuser) and how much energy is reflected back from the Earth. This information is integrated into a scientific model that calculates the concentration and distribution of ozone in the stratosphere. However, the primary use of the data from the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer is determining the vertical distribution of ozone over the global surface - how it varies at various distances from the Earth's surface up to approximately 79 kilometers (or 49 miles). The instrument also provides for the generation of layer ozone values, which represent the amount of ozone found in a "chunk" of the atmosphere. Each channel on the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer detects a particular near-ultraviolet wavelength whose intensity depends on the ozone density at a particular height in the atmosphere. It is nadir pointing, which means that it always points directly toward the center of the Earth and does not scan the atmosphere as the other POES instruments do. The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer has a device called a Cloud Cover Radiometer that provides information on the amount of cloud cover in an image and removes the effects of the clouds from the data.Advanced Data Collection System provided by CNES in France measures environmental factors such as atmospheric temperature and pressure and the velocity and direction of the ocean and wind currents. Data is collected from transmitting devices on platforms in the form of buoys, free-floating balloons and remote weather stations. Transmitters are even placed on migratory animals, sea turtles, bears and other animals. Data is transmitted to the spacecraft for storage and subsequent transmission from the satellite to the ground. The stored data is transmitted once per orbit. Subsequently, the data is sent to the French Centre at the Centre National D' Etudes Spatiales and the Service Argos Facility in Lanham, Md., for processing, distribution to users and storage for archival purposes. Search and Rescue instruments on-board NOAA-N Prime consist of a Search and Rescue Repeater built by Department of National Defense in Canada and a Search and Rescue Processor built by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (Toulouse, France). These instruments detect distress calls sent from emergency beacons on-board aircraft and boats and carried by people in remote areas. The instruments on the spacecraft transmit the data to ground receiving stations or local user terminals where the location of the emergency signals is determined by Doppler processing. The Local User Terminals forward the information to a Mission Control Center where further processing of the information occurs. The information is then sent to a Rescue Coordination Center that affects the search and rescue. Since its inception in 1982, the COSPAS-SARSAT system has contributed to saving more than 24,500 lives. The Search and Rescue Repeater accepts signals from emergency ground transmitters at 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz and 406.05 MHz and uptranslates, multiplexes and transmits these signals at L-band to the local user terminals. The Search and Rescue Processor is a receiver and processor that receives 406.05-MHz signals from emergency ground transmitters and demodulates, processes, stores and relays the data to the next local user terminal that is within range of the Search and Rescue Repeater. Only the 406.05 MHZ service will be supported as of February 1, 2009. Credit: NASA/NOAA Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA's first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. \| \| \| \| 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.NPP: The next-generation weather watcher from space SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: October 25, 2011 Roughly the size of a sports utility vehicle, the environmental satellite launching from America's western spaceport Friday morning carries a suite of modernized instruments to see Earth's weather with crisper clarity than its decades of predecessors. The NPP spacecraft. Credit: Ball AerospaceThe NPP spacecraft will ride a United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket into its orbital vantage point, looping from pole to pole some 512 miles up.Built in Colorado by Ball Aerospace, NPP is the experimental precursor to the planned next-generation of weather and climate spacecraft that NASA and NOAA have begun developing, known as the Joint Polar Satellite System."It will fly five instruments -- VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS and CERES -- which will collect data on atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures, humidity soundings, land and ocean biological productivity, and cloud and aerosol properties, along with Earth radiation budget data. These data will contribute to long-term data records in support of monitoring climate trends," said Andrew Carson, NASA's NPP program executive.Weighing 2.5 tons and measuring 13 feet long and 8.5 feet wide, the craft has a hydrazine fuel tank at its core for feeding 8 maneuvering thrusters. It uses Firewire for onboard data transfers, communicates with the ground via S- and X-band frequencies and runs on solar power from its three-panel wing that gets deployed minutes after reaching orbit. "Data will be transmitted to the ground-receive station in Svalbard, Norway, and brought back to the U.S. via fiber-optic cables. From there it will be sent to both the Air Force Weather Agency and the NOAA Satellite Operations Facility where it will be processed and provided to scientists and meteorologists around the world," Carson said.Four of the instruments are updated versions of previous spaceborne devices, while the fifth comes from earlier NASA observatories. This illustration depicts the key features of NPP. Credit: NASAThe Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) will produce those familiar pictures of clouds, plus take sea-surface temperatures for hurricane forecasting and perform land and ocean color surveys.This advanced environmental instrument is 10 years in the making."It provides data products that result in action," said Warren Flynn, VIIRS program director at Raytheon."It provides four times better spectral resolution, three times better spatial resolution, seven times better sea-surface temperatures. It has a fully calibrated day-night band that gives us better weather coverage at night. It is taking visible radiometric imagery to the next level."The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is another state-of-the-art instrument representing next-generation technology built smaller and less massive than before."What's unique about microwave sounders is (they) can see through clouds. We see all the way to ground. We provide that water vapor, temperature, pressure profile from all the way on altitude to the ground," said Stephen Opel, civil space program manager at Northrop Grumman."It is a significant amount of data that comes up through a 1.1-degree soda straw from the ground."The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is half the size and uses half the power of comparable spectrometers previously flown in space."CrIS is a hyperspectral infrared sounder, which is a real fancy way of saying it takes a lot of channels of data (from) a very compact infrared device. It is the next in a long line of sounders that ITT has built," said Mark Poling, CrIS program manager at ITT Geospatial Systems."It provides data to measure water vapor, temperature and pressure profiles from the ground all the way up to many thousands of feet. That allows numerical weather predictions to be much more accurate."The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) will provide three views to continue the long-term data record of ozone measurements from satellites."It is called a 'suite' because there are three distinct instruments aboard. One is called the Limb Profiler -- it looks off the backend of the spacecraft looking at the orbit where we've just passed...The other two instruments are nadir that will look straight down from the bottom of the spacecraft. Total Column has a very wide field of view -- over 100 degrees -- and Profiler is a much smaller field of view -- around 16 degrees. Together these provide a total column of ozone from the stratosphere all the way down to the Earth," said Joan Howard, program manager at Ball Aerospace."We also provide countless data modes so scientists will be able to mine the data for trace gas analyses and other things that we as engineers haven't even invented yet for scientists." The Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) is the one instrument aboard NPP that is borrowed from earlier satellite missions to take the planet's temperature and measure the Sun's radiation reflected off Earth."CERES monitors this radiance in three distinct wavelength bands -- a shortwave band that includes all of the solar reflected light, a longwave band that measures the thermal emissions and then a total channel that goes from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared that measures the entire radiance of the Earth," said Mark Folkman, Northrop Grumman's director of products and sensing."These three sensor channels are scanned back and forth across the surface of the Earth at 30 km of spatial resolution day-in-and-day-out, day-and-night, all around the globe. The trick here is that measurement is done with an unprecedented amount of absolute radiometric accuracy. By measuring the reflected sunlight thermal emission on a global scale, scientists are allowed to monitor the temperature of the planet and validate the models that calculate the effects of clouds driving planetary heating or cooling." DUVETICA Ace Quattro Shiny Nylon Down Jackets Women's Outlet
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272 \| 2014-09-13 Langford Parka	Posted: February 19, 2007Aiming to uncover the physics that power the auroras that crown Earth's poles, five tiny probes have been launched into space for a synchronized orbital dance to locate where the trigger is pulled to create the eerily magnificent displays. The Delta 2 rocket lifts off at 6:01 p.m. EST (2301 GMT). Credit: Carleton Bailie for United Launch Alliance NASA's $200 million THEMIS mission blasted off just before sunset Saturday from Cape Canaveral's pad 17B aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket.The 73-minute flight of the three-stage launcher culminated off the northeastern coast of Australia, when the five probes were flung off their spinning carrier.Each of the 282-pound spacecraft is equipped with identical suites of instruments to examine the origin of space explosions known as substorms. The events start with the soup of ionized particles from the sun, called the solar wind, buffeting the Earth at a million miles per hour. Some of that energy gets trapped in the magnetic field, causing the field lines to stretch back in the direction opposite the sun like rubberbands. But when stretched too far the lines snap, releasing the energy that generates shimmering auroral displays."For over 30 years, the source location of these explosive energy releases has been sought after with great fervor. It is a question almost as old as space physics itself," said THEMIS principal investigator Vassilis Angelopoulos. "A substorm starts from a single point in space and progresses past the moon's orbit within minutes, so a single satellite cannot identify the substorm origin. The five-satellite constellation of THEMIS will finally identify the trigger location and the physics involved in substorms." "Substorms are what make the aurorae interesting," said John Bonnell, a plasma physicist and aurora specialist with THEMIS. "Without them, the greenish white sheets are static, like a cloud. Substorms make the sheets ripple and create different colors, such as red borders and colorful edge effects." "THEMIS is so important because the same fundamental physical process is seen around all planets, it happens on the sun in solar flares, and in astrophysical systems such as black holes," Angelopoulos said. "It's amazing that being so close to us, here at Earth, it is not understood yet." An artist's concept shows the five THEMIS probes in space. Credit: NASATHEMIS is the first NASA mission to launch five science satellites together aboard one rocket."They say good things come in small packages. I'd have to say these probes are great by that measure," said Peter Harvey, the THEMIS project manager from the University of California at Berkeley."They are powerful. It is amazing to think that these things will accelerate themselves over half-way to the moon. Each one has 40 percent of its weight as fuel. So it's able to change its orbit and go quite a distance."The probes are tough. They can take flying through the radiation belts and keep on going. They can take three-hour shadows of the Earth and keep every component inside warm while the outside is freezing cold."The probes are smart. Every one of them travels a vast distance from the Earth and can't do that in contact with the Earth. So it can't constantly telemeter. So each probe has to then detect the substorm, capture that data, compress it and then wait until it gets closer to Earth to transmit that data to the ground."The probes are really efficiently packed. Things are so jam-packed inside each probe that you can't fit your hand in between any two items."The probes were built by Swales Aerospace, and their measurements will be combined with a network of observatories across the northern U.S. and Canadian."I cannot explain all my excitement. This has been a truly exciting project -- building five spacecraft and 20 ground-based observatories, flying spacecraft in synchronized orbits. You couldn't ask for more," Harvey said. An artist's concept shows the five THEMIS probes in space. Credit: NASAThe craft will spend the next month activating their instruments. This fall, controllers will maneuver the probes into wide-ranging orbits to begin the sophisticated orbital ballet in which all five line up behind the Earth once every four days to hunt for the substorm trigger site. The main science-collecting period will occur during the winter.Saturday's launch marked the 72nd consecutive successful flight by a Delta 2 rocket since 1997 and the 125th success overall in the 127-flight history of the workhorse booster dating back to 1989. "The United Launch Alliance team is proud to support the science and robotic mission of NASA's space exploration program by successfully completing our first east coast launch," said Mike Gass, president and chief executive officer of ULA.The newly-formed United Launch Alliance now manages all Delta and Atlas rocket missions. ULA is the joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin that has combined the Delta and Atlas rocket fleets."This is the first of a total of 21 launches we have manifested in 2007 consisting of a dozen Delta 2s, six Atlas 5s and three Delta 4s from the east and west coasts," said Dan Collins, ULA chief operating officer. "As our team proved today, they are up to the task. By focusing on safe practices, customer needs and mission success, I believe 2007 will be a banner inaugural year for ULA." Next up is the Atlas 5 launch of six experimental satellites for the U.S. military. That liftoff from Cape Canaveral had been planned for February 22, but officials ordered a two-week delay while the Sea Launch failure investigation continues. The Atlas 5's RD-180 first stage main engine is derived from the Russian powerplant used on the Sea Launch Zenit boosters.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:DELTA ROCKET LAUNCHES THEMIS VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN LAUNCH MOVIE FROM PRESS SITE VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN LAUNCH MOVIE FROM PATRICK AFB VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN LAUNCH MOVIE FROM PLAYALINDA BEACH VIDEO:SPACECRAFT SEPARATION CONFIRMED VIDEO:POST-LAUNCH COMMENTS VIDEO:FRIDAY'S LAUNCH ATTEMPT SCRUBBED VIDEO:PAD SERVICE GANTRY ROLLED BACK VIDEO:THEMIS MISSION SCIENCE PREVIEW VIDEO:WATCH THE PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:ROCKET NOSE CONE INSTALLED AROUND THEMIS VIDEO:SPACECRAFT MOUNTED ATOP DELTA ROCKET VIDEO:THEMIS DELIVERED TO THE LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:SECOND STAGE ATTACHED VIDEO:FIRST STAGE ERECTED MORE:Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA's first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. \| \| \| \| 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Fixes ordered across Boeing's Delta 4 rocket line SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: April 10, 2005CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Boeing's Delta 4 rockets are being retrofitted with new pressure valves to alleviate bubbling in liquid oxygen fuel lines that possibly occurred in the fleet's maiden liftoff in 2002 and investigators determined caused engine trouble during the first Heavy booster's December test flight.The so-called cavitation is a phenomenon when super-cold cryogenic liquid oxygen changes to vapor bubbles within a rocket's feedlines running from fuel tanks to engines.Rocket designers never caught the potential for such a problem in the Delta 4's first stage until after the Heavy's demonstration launch that suffered early extinctions of its three main engines during ascent. The shortened firings resulted in the rocket failing to achieve the proper altitude to deploy a pair of student-built nanosat experiments and a massive satellite mockup.The inquiry into the incident formally concluded with corrective actions to fix both the Delta 4-Medium and -Heavy rocket versions to prevent a repeat on future launches.Government and industry investigators said the bubbling started at the entrance of the liquid oxygen feedline where a filtration screen, the line's elbow bend and an internal gimbal strut altered the fuel flow. This changed the fluid's speed and decreased pressure as the liquid oxygen streamed from the tank.The Delta 4-Heavy features three Common Booster Core stages mounted together, each identical with a liquid oxygen tank on top, the large liquid hydrogen fuel tank accounting for three-quarters of the stage's length and a Rocketdyne RS-68 engine at the bottom.All three CBCs on the Heavy demo flight saw cavitation. The bubbles made their way five feet downstream from the liquid oxygen tanks to internal sensors used to tell the engines when the fuel supply is expended and command the shutoff sequence. The bubbles fooled the sensors into thinking the tanks were going dry and triggered the engine cutoff despite plenty of liquid oxygen still aboard."This feedline design has been present in all previous Delta 4 flights, but the unique combination of vehicle acceleration, liquid level in the tank and propellant flow rate for the Heavy mission reduced the fluid pressure enough to enable the creation of gaseous oxygen at this location as the tanks emptied," investigators determined."Further draining of the liquid oxygen tank worsened the conditions at the feedline inlet, causing the cavitation effect to extend further down the feedline. A pocket of gaseous oxygen continued to enlarge until it reached the Engine Cut-Off (ECO) sensors and caused the ECO sensors to momentarily indicate dry. This ECO sensor dry indication was sensed by the flight computer, which initiated the sequence to throttle-down and shut off the main engines as it is programmed to do."In reality, flight data showed that sufficient propellant remained in the tank to complete the planned first stage burn time."Despite extensive analytical work to understand the rocket's performance before the Heavy flight and even the first Delta 4-Medium in 2002, engineers did not look at the engine cutoff sensor area for possible cavitation."Based on a lot of previous experience we look very hard at cavitation at the inlet to the RS-68 engine, as that is the traditional place where cavitation might cause a problem. We did not look at this issue up at the top of the feedline where the ECO sensor is," Dan Collins, Boeing's Vice President of Expendable Launch Systems, said in a news conference Friday. The media briefing followed a remarkably open and forthcoming flow of information throughout the investigation that began immediately after the December 21 launch."We are as much at fault as Boeing in terms of not looking at this. Cavitation at the engines is a routine phenomenon. For whatever reason we did not think to look 100 feet up the LOX feedline," said Ken Holden, general manager of the EELV division at the federally-funded engineering support firm Aerospace Corp. "The nuances of this are such that it would not occur on each and every mission. It took a particular set of circumstances to bring this together."As part of the Heavy's investigation, engineers reviewed data from the earlier three Medium missions to see if bubbling occurred on those launches. The inaugural flight possibly experienced cavitation, however it did not trigger an engine shutdown."We have gone back and looked very hard at this phenomenon. There is a possibility that it may have occurred on one of the earlier flights," Collins said."We did not have the special instrumentation that was present on the Heavy demo, though, to know that for sure. There was absolutely no premature (engine cutoff), no signs of this at all. And when I say cavitation, it is possible that a very small vapor bubble well away from the engine cutoff sensors may have developed. There was absolutely no interaction with the cavitation and the engine cutoff sensors."Hardware and computer software changes are being ordered to increase the pressure in the liquid oxygen tank to counteract the pressure losses in the upper portion of the feedline, thereby removing the potential for bubbles forming. The earlier Delta 4 flights permitted the pressure to drop during the rocket's ascent. To raise the tank pressure later in the launch phase, the current pressure relief valve will be replaced with one having a higher pressure. Also, flight software will be modified to provide commands needed to increase the tank pressure later in the launch.Other alterations to onboard software include changes to guard against the engine cutoff sensors being tricked. The time in which the rocket's computer brain will begin accepting "dry" signals from the fuel lines will be moved later, the Air Force said."It's really a one-time fix that we will then carry through all vehicles going forward. We will have those completed over the next several months," Collins said.The next Delta 4 mission, using a Medium vehicle, does not require the fixes because its flight profile is deemed not susceptible to cavitation. That mid-to-late May launch will carry the next civilian geostationary weather satellite into orbit for the U.S. government from Cape Canaveral.The first rocket to receive the changes is stacked on the Space Launch Complex-6 pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California for a planned August 30 liftoff with a classified national security satellite payload.Schedules call for the next Heavy mission to occur on October 28 to deploy a missile-launch detection satellite, called DSP-23, from Cape Canaveral. Collins said the fixes won't delay the launch plans."All in all, the Heavy demo mission was successful in providing a wealth of vehicle design, environment and performance validation data. We are now taking all our knowledge and understanding from this Demo mission and applying it as we prepare for our operational missions," Collins said."Straightforward fixes have been identified that will allow us to safely fly the Delta 4 fleet without risk of repeating the cavitation that led to premature engine shutdown," said Col. John Insprucker, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle system program director."The team findings do not detract from the successes we experienced on the Delta 4 mission. We successfully checked out and launched a Heavy rocket from the Boeing launch pad that also saw its first Heavy flight. We successfully flew three liquid-propelled booster cores side-by-side and cleanly separated the strap ons. We successfully flew the upper stage through the long three-burn profile required of a geosynchronous mission. We successfully separated the Demosat satellite."The ability of the Delta 4 to fly an end-to-end mission, despite the premature engine shutdown, made this an exemplary test flight," Insprucker said.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:SPACEFLIGHT NOW LAUNCH PAD CAMERA 1 VIDEO:SPACEFLIGHT NOW LAUNCH PAD CAMERA 2 VIDEO:FROM LIFTOFF TO BOOSTER SEPARATION VIDEO:THE DELTA 4-HEAVY LAUNCH (SHORT VERSION) VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA RECORDS LAUNCH VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA SEES BOOSTER SEPARATION VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA CAPTURES FAIRING JETTISON AUDIO:LISTEN TO THE 68-MINUTE PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:ANIMATION PROVIDES PREVIEW OF A DELTA 4-HEAVY LAUNCH VIDEO:RE-LIVE THE INAUGURAL DELTA 4 LAUNCH FROM 2002 VIDEO:ON-PAD FLIGHT READINESS ENGINE FIRING TEST VIDEO:TAKE TOUR OF LAUNCH PAD 37B Apollo 11 special patchSpecial collectors' patch marking the 35th anniversary of the historic Apollo 11 moon landing is now available.Choose your store: - - - Inside Apollo mission controlAn insider's view of how Apollo flight controllers operated and just what they faced when events were crucial. 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